According to this criterion, the poverty rate is 29.6%.

If the poverty line is the officially recognized poverty line, the poverty rate (per capita income below this limit) would be 28.7%.

The absolute value is also taken as the energy value of the daily diet less than 2100 kcal. According to this criterion, the poverty rate is 29.6%. The poverty rate, determined by the relative criterion of 75% of the median level of total per capita expenditures, is close to this – 26.3%.

Against this background, the assessment of poverty by subjective criteria seems too high. Surveys show that about 90% of the country’s population consider themselves poor. The phenomenon of this is that people compare their current material condition not in space (with the condition of other people), but in time, ie with their condition before the economic crisis.

In terms of composition, the majority of the poor are families with children (including large ones) – 43.4% of the total number of poor households, families of pensioners – 29.1% and families without dependents – 27.6%.

literature

Employment and the labor market: Interdepartmental. Science. zb. / Resp. ed. VV Onikien-co. – K, 2001. – Vip. 15.ImsD., Kreptul A. The system of assistance to persons and families with low incomes in Canada // Probl. management theories and practices. – 2000. – № 1. Ivankevych V. Pension reform in Ukraine // Ukraine: aspects of labor. – 2001. —No 2. Katin V. The main problem of mankind // Vestn. RAS. – 1998. —No. 3.Kiryan T., Shapoval M. The standard of living – the face of the state // Government, courier. -2001. —№137.Knyazev VM Social technology and management of political processes in Ukraine. – K., 1995. Code of labor laws in Ukraine and other labor legislation. – K., 1995. Kolodno G Globalization and prospects for the development of post-socialist countries: Per. from Polish. – Kyiv, 2002. Kolot A. Globalization of the economy and its impact on the social and labor sphere // Ukraine: aspects of labor. – 2001. – No. 3. Kolot A. Development of industrial democracy as a factor in improving social and labor relations // Ukraine: aspects of labor. – 2001. – № 6. Conceptual principles of reforming the political system in Ukraine. State and prospects of development of political sciences // Mater, "round table" April 13. 2001 – K., 2001. Korobeynyk N., Varnytsky V. Hungary: the first experience of pension reform in Eastern Europe // Ukraine: aspects of labor. – 2001. – No. 3.

04/22/2011

Regulation of income, level and quality of life. Abstract

Regulation of income and consumption of the population. Analysis of state regulation of the level and quality of life

Regulation of income and consumption of the population

Revenue policy is a component of the mechanism of state regulation of the economy. In a market economy, it is on a par with competition policy and economic stabilization policy.

In the field of distributive relations, a real interaction of economic criteria related to the requirements of economic rationality and social criteria, which provide conditions for the full development of all members of society, is needed.

The purpose of state distribution and redistribution of market revenues is to reduce the sharp differentiation in the level of income and capital. The complexity of the problem of distribution and redistribution of income is due to the lack of an unambiguous answer to the question: "Which distribution of income should be considered correct?"

Achieving the goal requires:

clear definition of all recipients of income; belief in the need to redistribute the income of each social group.

Components of the mechanism of income distribution and redistribution:

provision of public goods; use of legislative acts; taxation system; transfer payments.

Under conditions of transition economy in incomes there is a rapid decline in real incomes, changes in the structure of incomes, increasing the differentiation of incomes.

The main component of the monetary income of the population is wages. Its value affects the overall indicators of socio-economic efficiency of the market system as a whole, is a justification for incentives to work.

Objectives of wage regulation:

providing each employee with a vital level of consumption; maintaining the real level of wages; establishing a close relationship between wages and productivity; achieving proper matching between different wage levels.

The minimum wage (MW) is a state-guaranteed social minimum of non-tariff labor.

The function of the minimum wage is to motivate the owner of the labor force to participate in labor.

Requirements for minimum wage:

a small gap from the minimum consumer budget; determining the level of wages according to international standards; timely adjustment in accordance with economic and social changes in society.

Maintaining the normal ratio between the minimum and average PA is achieved by "pulling up" the level of the minimum wage to the average PA and restraining the growth of the average and maximum PA (through the tax mechanism).

Components of the state wage policy (WP):

carrying out deep structural reform of the PA; increasing the role of tariff agreements and collective agreements in income regulation; improving tax regulation of household income; creating conditions for productivity growth; increasing the level of real FE; periodic indexation of CL in connection with the increase in consumer prices; liquidation of arrears of PA payments.

In the implementation of income policy of paramount importance is the state incentives for outpacing (compared to GDP) wage growth. The price of labor in modern market relations cannot depend only on supply and demand. Social character is essential. Therefore, the most important priority is to develop effective mechanisms that include elements ideas for narrative essays of state regulation, taking into account the interaction of social partners and the state of the labor market. The sphere of state influence should include, in addition to providing minimum social guarantees in wages, the regulation of wages in the budget sphere, as well as tariff regulation through the mechanism of social partnership, improvement of the system of social taxes and contributions.

There should be no room in the income policy for resuscitation of equalization. The existing disparities should be overcome not by artificially limiting the upper income level of the wealthy, but on the contrary – by their legalization and removal from the shadows, expanding the stratum of private owners (including land) who are actively engaged in entrepreneurship. Encouraging people to own private property and its effective protection is one of the fundamental priorities of income policy. It should be borne in mind that citizens with high and medium incomes will be able to increasingly pay for a significant share of services in the field of health and education, social insurance.

It is a matter of great social importance – strengthening the position of the middle class, which involves the transition to a new model of consumption, ie to such standards that will ensure a decent standard of living and stimulate the development of the domestic market, labor and entrepreneurial activity. This, in particular, quality housing, high supply of durable goods, availability of quality medical, household, educational services and more.

The formation of the middle class should be due to increasing the stable stratum of owners of real estate, land and shares, accelerated development of small and medium-sized businesses, farms, strengthening the legislative protection of intellectual property and strengthening on this basis social positions and incomes of scientific and culture and education, middle management, financiers and managers.

Analysis of state regulation of the level and quality of life

Standard and quality of life – integrated indicators of socio-economic development of countries. To determine the standard of living in different countries, experts use the concept of human development index, or abbreviated – human development index (HDI). This indicator was proposed by the UN in 1990 as an integrated assessment of the level of civilization of the country.

The Human Development Index has the following three components:

life expectancy; educational level; GDP per capita.

Set thresholds for each metric:

life expectancy – 25-85 years; level of education – 0-100% (number of years spent in the mode of study after 15 years "average citizen"); GDP – from 200 to 4000 dollars. USA.

The low HDI is less than 0.5, high – 0.9 -1.

In assessing the living standards of Europe’s population, the UN Economic Commission favors an indicator such as the number of goods and services that the population has been able to receive. The reference value is 100%.

The standard of living of the population – the degree of satisfaction of material, spiritual and social needs of people.

The concept of quality of life specifies the category of "standard of living (HDI)". The UN has proposed a combined indicator – the quality of life index, which characterizes:

educational level; medical care; lifetime; degree of employment; its solvency; access to political life, etc.

Specific indicators are: the number of cars, telephones, square meters of housing, hospital beds, etc. per person (per thousand population), the quality of medical care, noise level (decibels), speed during peak hours, etc.

Structural objectives of public policy in the health care system include:

reducing the incidence of the population, namely: reducing infant mortality; reduction of maternal mortality; morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system; reducing the level of carcinogenicity of the environment; reducing the incidence of bronchial asthma and chronic nonspecific lung disease; reducing the incidence of infectious diseases; reducing the spread of HIV / AIDS. improvement of medical and logistical support of health care, namely: creation of a system of guaranteeing the quality of drug production taking into account international requirements and quality control of medicines; ensuring the development, production and implementation of new medical equipment and medical devices, bringing them to the level of modern world standards; ensuring the development, production and introduction of new medicines in accordance with the needs of health care.