It is necessary to change linen at least once a week.

Subcutaneous fat prevents the body from cooling, softens shocks and is a place for fat deposition.

The sensitivity of the skin to touch, pain, cold is due to the presence of many spiral receptors. This helps the body to perceive the environment and better respond to changing conditions.

Balancing the processes of formation and return of heat to the body is called thermoregulation. A number of organs take part in the formation and heat transfer: the liver, muscles, blood vessels, lungs and skin.

The formation of heat is in various organs, especially intense – in the liver and muscles. The hottest organ of our body is the liver (its name comes from the word “bake”

When the ambient temperature decreases, much of the heat is produced in the liver. The intensity of heat transfer changes with the redistribution of blood in numerous blood vessels of the skin. In the cold, blood vessels reflexively narrow and a large amount of blood enters the vessels of internal organs, which helps to retain heat in them. As the ambient temperature rises, the blood vessels of the skin dilate reflexively, more blood flows through them and heat transfer increases.

During intense physical work, the body is released from excess heat not only through the dilated blood vessels of the skin, but by evaporating sweat from its surface. Fatty lubrication of the skin surface and subcutaneous fat prevent excessive heat or cold from the outside and excessive heat loss. Thus, the skin, along with other organs, is involved in maintaining a constant body temperature – 36.6 ° C, which does not depend on frost, summer heat, rest or work.

Participating in thermoregulation, the skin plays a major role in metabolism and energy. During heavy physical work, metabolism, and hence the formation of heat, increases several times. And thanks to sweating, even if the ambient temperature is much higher than the human body temperature, the skin is able to give off heat from the body, maintaining a constant body temperature.

An imbalance between heat generation and heat transfer can cause phenomena such as heat and sunstroke.

Heat stroke is a violation of the body’s functions when it overheats due to the cessation of heat transfer due to high humidity and high temperature. Heat stroke is accompanied by headache, dizziness, tinnitus, blinking of the eyes, rapid pulse and respiration, dilation of the pupils, movement disorders, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions, fever.

Sunstroke occurs due to prolonged exposure to direct sunlight with the head uncovered. At the same time vessels of a brain expand, brain hypostasis develops, intracranial pressure raises, body temperature of the person sharply increases.

In case of heat and sunstroke it is necessary to call an ambulance, and before its arrival the patient should be transferred to a cool place, lift his seam a little and unbutton his clothes, put cold on his head and heart and give him cool water to drink.

Frostbite is manifested in loss of sensitivity in the damaged area of ​​skin, in its whitening. In this case, you must immediately rub the whitened area to restore blood circulation in it. At a strong frostbite, as well as at a strong burn of skin, it is necessary to cover the damaged site of skin and at once to address in a medical institution.

Skin hygiene. Hardening

The main requirement of skin hygiene is to keep it clean. Dirt (exfoliated epithelium, fat, bacteria) that accumulates on the skin contributes to many diseases, as the organic matter of fat and sweat, decomposing on the surface, creates a favorable environment for the development of bacteria. Contamination of the skin complicates the functions of the sweat and sebaceous glands, leading to dry skin, its cracking and impaired heat transfer.

Everyone should constantly monitor the cleanliness of their skin: you need to wash daily, wash your hands several times a day, especially before meals, at least once a week wash with warm water in the bath, shower or bath.

Clothing should be comfortable and as permeable to air and water vapor as possible. It is necessary to change linen at least once a week.

Hardening is training and improvement of thermoregulatory mechanisms, strengthening of the ability of an organism to adapt quickly to fluctuations of temperature and other climatic factors which change that creates its resistance to cold diseases, strengthens health and increases working capacity.

Hardening in childhood and adolescence is especially useful. The earlier the hardening begins, the more resistant the body will be to the influence of various environmental factors.

Carrying out hardening procedures (water, air, solar) should be gradual (to pass from smaller doses to big), consistent (from air – to sun baths, and then to water procedures), systematic and continuous (daily), individual for everyone (from taking into account the state of health and reserve forces of the body), active and conscious.

The main valeological conditions of hardening:

Awareness of the benefits and necessity of hardening. Sequence. Systematic. Complexity of use of natural factors – water, air, the sun and soil.

06.01.2012

Human adaptation: biological bases. Abstract

Means to increase the body’s adaptive capacity. Human activity, a special environmental factor and its impact on the environment. Ways to solve environmental problems and protect the environment from pollution

Adaptation – the ability of a living organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions, developed during evolutionary development. Without adaptation, it would be impossible to maintain the normal functioning of the organism, its adaptation to various changes in the environment – climate, weather and so on.

Adaptation is of great importance for the human body and all living beings, allows not only to tolerate significant changes in the environment, but also to actively restructure their physiological functions, behavior in accordance with these changes, schools ahead of them. Due to adaptation, the stability of the internal environment of the body is maintained even if the parameters of some environmental factors are outside the optimal range.

The problem of adaptation is of great practical importance now, when a person learns new spaces, works in mines, underwater, in space, when there is intense denaturation of the environment, its pollution by human products, which requires stress of the body’s adaptive forces …

The absence of stimuli or their low level can lead to a decrease in resistance and adaptive capacity of the organism. The absence of a light stimulus can lead to atrophy of the visual analyzer, sound – to atrophy of the auditory analyzer. Lack of language influence (in congenital deafness) makes a person dumb.

A person who is constantly in optimal microclimatic conditions, provided with warm housing, clothing, other benefits of civilization, detached from nature, protected from its irritating and damaging factors, falling into these conditions, more difficult to tolerate the effects of cold and other environmental stimuli. Due to urbanization, automation of production processes, now a large part of the population is in a state of hypodynamics, muscle starvation, which leads to de-training of the body, negatively affects the state of the cardiovascular system and so on.

Adverse changes in human health can occur much faster when the body is exposed to harmful environmental factors (ionizing radiation, overload, weightlessness, chemicals), to which in the process of evolution have not developed protective and adaptive mechanisms. Socially conditioned elements of the environment (hard, strenuous work, its irrational regime, working area conditions, housing, nutrition, material security, level of education and culture, social and legal status), as well as natural factors influencing the driving forces of health … I, can increase or decrease its level.

Biological adaptive rhythms of man (external and internal), their role in ensuring the body’s ability to maintain the stability of the internal environment and adaptation to environmental changes. Biological rhythms, or biorhythms, are regular quantitative and qualitative changes in life processes that occur at all levels of life – molecular, cellular, tissue organ, organism, population and biosphere. The study of biorhythmic processes contributed to the creation of a new scientific discipline – chronobiology (from the Greek chronos – time), which studies the processes of life and behavior of organisms, as well as their relationship with environmental influences.

There are external and internal biorhythms. Internal biorhythms include, for example, the rhythm of respiration, heartbeat, digestion, excretion. External biorhythms are associated with the location of the Earth in outer space, its rotation around its axis and around the Sun. Biorhythms have different periodicity: fractions of a second, seconds, minutes, days, months, years, a certain number of years.

Now biorhythm is recognized as one of the main properties of all living beings. It is an important mechanism for regulating functions, which ensures the ability of organisms to maintain the stability of the internal environment and adapt to changes in the environment. For hundreds of millions of years of evolution the process of adaptation to them continued, rhythmic processes of vital activity were made.

The most studied diurnal biorhythms associated with the rotation of the Earth around its axis. i need help writing an lab report Like all adaptive systems of the body, they have evolved. The “metronome” of this biorhythm is the hypothalamus. The simplest example of biorhythms characterizes fluctuations in the levels of vital processes: maximum activity and efficiency in the morning (8 – 12 o’clock), minimum – in the middle of the day (12 – 16 o’clock); the second maximum is in the evening (16th -22nd hours), and the most pronounced minimum activity is at night and at the beginning of the morning (22nd-8th hours). Therefore, any artificial disturbances of the usual rhythms lead to body fatigue.